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Saturday, December 28, 2019

Internet Protocol Version 6 Ipv6 And The Future Of The...

Internet Protocol version 6 was first proposed in the 1990s by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IPv6 was to be the predecessor of IPv4. It was designed to support the Internet’s extensive growth and address security concerns through packet-level encryption and stepped-up authentication. It would also allow routers to better manage traffic flow through such features as packet labeling. (The Tortured History of Internet Protocol v6). The need for IPv6 is growing by the day. There are good amount of reasons why the migration of IPv6 is not only desirable, but necessary in days to come. Some of the areas were IPv6 benefit from are reduced address space, advanced security features, enhanced quality of service, and stateless auto configuration. (IPv6 and the Future of the Internet). Address Space One area were IPv6 trumps IPv4 is address space. IPv4 is a 32 bit address and provides about 4.3 billion internet addresses. IPv6 is 128 bit address and provides about 340 trillion internet addresses. Since the earth is around 7 billion in population, IPv4 is no longer enough for all the devices on earth. Because of IPv4 limitations, the implementation of IPv6 became more of a necessity. This abundant number of IPv6 addresses makes it more than enough for every person on earth to have billions of addresses for every device they own. (Infographic: IPv4 vs IPv6). Security Features One of the concerns with IPv6 is security. With so many more individuals and devices communicating,Show MoreRelatedInternet Protocol Is The Primary Protocol707 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: Internet Protocol is the primary protocol in the internet layer of the OSI networking model. IP’s job is to deliver packets from a source computer to a destination computer. As of May 2015, about 97% of web traffic uses IPv4. IPv6 is a 128-bit address. IPV6 is the standard fundamental infrastructure to the internet addressing. It helps us to simplify the transition from ipv4 to ipv6. Mainly ipv6 helps us in TCPIP networking and addressing architecture. The present variant of the Internet conventionRead MoreNext Generation Internet Protocol IPV6 Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesAs the internet growth rate has been reached to a very high level, and using a heavy multimedia application such as video and audio stream, Qos (Quality of Service) technology has become more relevant and important. IPV6 (Next generation internet protocol) have more features and characteristics then IPV4 such as providing more address space and new fields that can be used to enhance and make the usage of IP Network more frequent even with the sensitive traffic flow. The currently used Ipv4 whichRead MoreWhy Ipv6 Is Better Than Ipv41632 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the Internet Protocol, IPv4 to IPv6 3 Disadvantages of IPv4 3 Advantages of IPv6 4 Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 5 Procedures and Results 5 Discussion 5 Conclusions 5 References 7 â€Æ' Abstract IPv6 is the latest version of internetworking protocol designed to answer all the limitations of the current standard Internet Protocol IPv4. Transitioning to the next generation of Internet Protocol became an issue with the mass standardisation of IPv4 since the early start of Internet. And due toRead MoreProtocols For The Communication Protocol1691 Words   |  7 PagesIPV 6 ABSTRACT: We have many protocols for the communication. Among them if we take communication protocol which is related to internet, the popular and which is using today is IPV 4. In this paper we are going to discuss about the later version IPV6. INTRODUCTION: Internet protocol is a communication protocol which provides location and identification of computers on networks and routes traffic across the internet. IPV6 is the latest version of internet protocol. It was developed by internet engineeringRead MoreIpv4 : Ipv6 And Ipv62486 Words   |  10 PagesIPv4 VS IPv6 Team: Chad Bourque Jaime Kanashiro Siddique Chaudhry IT 300-002 Vera Goodacre 3 December 2014 Introduction IPv6 or Internet Protocol Version 6 is the most recent update to Internet protocol that will be replacing Internet Protocol Version 4 in the near future. This new Internet protocol is the successor of the now almost obsolete IPv4 [6]. The statistics of IPv6 compared to IPv4 is amazing and to be honest mind blowing. IPv6 is significantly greater than version 4 in all of the categoriesRead MoreIpv4 vs Ipv62721 Words   |  11 PagesIPv4 vs. IPv6 Dorina Dibra South Eastern European University dorina.dibra@gmail.com ABSTRACT Network improvement has become follower in today’s modern life. The more we work the more we are affected to network and thus normally having always new requirements. To implement more efficient methods is needed first to predicate them. This predication needs to be developed before the requirements are very high. Users always expect more from networking while they compare old and current methods they’reRead MoreInternet Protocol And Its Effect On The Internet1698 Words   |  7 Pagesas smart phones and laptops, connect to the internet requiring a unique internet address for them to make the internet to function. The internet addresses are provided by the internet protocol (Levin Stephen, 2014). Currently, the very large proportion of the internet protocol (IP) addresses are provided by the internet protocol vision 4(IPv4) (Hamarsheh, Marnix , Rafe , 2011). The address format in IPv4 is dotted decimal notation. Internet protocol visions 4 uses 32-bit address which c an provideRead MoreA New Version Of Mtm6d1661 Words   |  7 Pagesof attacks against node s privacy can occur. In this paper a new version of MTM6D (MTM6D II) is presented to resolve the above shortcomings. Further- more, a suggestion is proposed to prevent black hole at- tacks, as a part of DoS attacks (in which a compromised router on the path between two hosts discards packets instead of forwarding them) and bandwidth depletion DDoS attacks (that only need the subnet ID instead of the exact IPv6 address of a target). A method is also presented to recover theRead MoreA Comparision Of Dual Stack Vs Tunneling1674 Words   |  7 Pages A COMPARISION OF DUAL STACK VS TUNNELING IN A MIXED IPV4 / IPV6 ENVIRONMENT SHAILA_MODEM_13777MS BATCH : SAT 3:15 PM INTRODUCTION INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) The IP provides a connectionless delivery system that is unreliable and on a best-effort basis. The IP specifies the basic unit of data transfer in a TCP/IP internet as the datagram. Datagrams may be delayed, lost, duplicated, delivered out of sequence, or intentionally fragmented, to permit a node with limited buffer space toRead MoreOspf vs Eigrp4544 Words   |  19 PagesComparison of Routing Protocols OSPFv3 and IS-IS for IPv6 Environment By Nilesh Doiphode TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 LIST OF FIGURES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 1.2 Discussion, Problem Statement and Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 1.3 Need for this Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 CHAPTER

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Effects Of Minor Alcohol And Caffeine Use - 1309 Words

Perceived Effects of Minor Alcohol and Caffeine Use Caffeinated drinks and alcohol make a considerable amount of the beverage varieties that the average person consumes. Beyond personal tastes, the reasons for consuming coffee are generally to help promote productivity and added alertness when an individual is lacking energy. As, for alcohol, it is normally consumed to relax and produce a kind of euphoria. With substances as widely used as these are, I believe that it is important to find the boundaries of where each substance begins to take effect in the human body. The placebo effect has been shown to be a significant influence throughout different drug trials. So at small doses of caffeine or alcohol, is it the expected reactions that cause peoples response, or does caffeine and alcohol produce significant effects for individuals no matter how small the amounts? A study performed by Kamimori, McLellan, Tate, Voss, Niro, and Lieberman (2015) tested how effective high doses of caffeine were when they used participants that under gone periods with decreased amounts of sleep. Participants were separated into two groups that either received doses of caffeine throughout the day, or received a placebo. They were tested on levels that would be advantageous in military situations where lack of sleep would be a common issue. These measures included reaction time, logical reasoning tests, and assessments of cognitive function and live-fire marksmanship. The results of thatShow MoreRelatedEffects of Caffeine on The Human Boby1075 Words   |  5 PagesIt doesn’t matter what time it is because caffeine is being gulped down all around the clock. Studies have shown that about 90 percent of North American adults consume caffeine everyday or 300 tons all around the world, because let’s face it whether you have a research paper due tomorrow or just need a wake up call to your morning, many of us lean towards caffeine to give us that extra energy. In which, according to the FDA, the average caffeine consume r will take up to 200 milligrams daily, or aboutRead MoreCaffeine And How It Effects Your Health1497 Words   |  6 Pages Caffeine and how it Effects Your Health Many people have their opinions on how much caffeine one should intake in a day. Some carefully watch their diet and some don’t even care what they are putting in to their body. Many different people have different thoughts about caffeine and there are several answers why they think that way. The people that don’t consume caffeine often usually try to stay away from it because they see the disadvantages to consuming caffeine. They think that the cons outweighRead MoreShould Drug Use Be Considered A Disorder? Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pages When should drug use be considered a disorder rather than an accepted normality? Many have debated over the misuse of legal and illegal drugs, whereas there are numerous people that take ten different types of pills a day, there are those that never touch drugs, and then there are people that believe ‘harsher’ drugs can change the way you live life. Since countless of these household standards are practiced worldwide, the principles of what is deemed ‘normal’ might be harder to evaluate. The textbookRead MoreDrivers Ed Module 81466 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Module 8 Notes Teens who drink are at higher risk for date rape, pregnancy, HIV and other STDs, assault, drowning, alcohol poisoning, alcohol dependency, DUI-related injury and death (yours and/or others) If you are under 18, you can be sued for acts committed while drinking, such as vandalism, physical assault, and date rape. Property damage may not be covered by insurance if alcohol is involved Your parents are liable for any underage drinking that takes place at their residence. thereRead MoreThe Case Of Phineas Gage Discussed By Cacioppo Fregberg869 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific data in prosecution is demonstrated in the many advances in forensics and dependence on expert witnesses to support cases; however, the extent to which neuroscience is welcomed by prosecution seems more ambiguous. While courts may allow the use of certain aspects of neuroscience to bolster fact gathering and validate witness testimony, there are rehabilitative contributions that may be resisted (Ryberg, 2014). Philosophical views favoring consequential punishment for criminal behavior overRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1468 Words   |  6 Pagesyoung adults and teenagers. The symptoms include sleepiness, mood changes, difficulty concentrating, impaired performance, memory, and thinking problems, and somatic complaints. These symptoms may sound like just a minor problem. However, if they happen just once it can become a domino effect, or add overtime as they beg in to become a bit more troubling to one and their body. This change will begin to affect one’s self and performance greatly. Most young adults relate their sleep deprivation to stressRead MoreAlcohol, Beverage Or Drug?1006 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Alcohol, Beverage or Drug?† Since man was able to pick fruits, there has been alcohol. Chemicals created from fermented berries and grapes that bestowed â€Å"power and vision† unto those who ingested it. Alcohol’s roots go much deeper than mankind itself, consequently it has affected us the most. I propose that we look at this vicious beverage from a new, and different light. That we might see it for the uncontrollable drug that it is. First, I will be addressing how addictive alcohol is, then howRead MorePractice Healthy Lifestyle and Live Longer1488 Words   |  6 PagesPractice healthy lifestyle and live longer. Eat balanced diet of nutritious food from natural sources. Take  Herbalife  products and be sure that all you take are from herbs and natural. Avoid processed foods that are loaded with MSG, aspartame, caffeine, alcohol, hydrogenated fats, synthetic enhancers, flavorings, colors, preservatives, and other additives that are detrimental to health. Have a regular physical exercise outdoor with abundance of fresh air and sunshine. It is good for burning up excessRead MoreA Brief Note On Academic And Experiential Learning1038 Words   |  5 Pagestaking on prevention and intervention strategies will be utilized through is a combination of psychoeducational and small groups. Psychoeducational groups work on developing and expanding students’ cognitive, social and behavioral perceptions of drug use (Corey, Corey Corey, 2014) while counseling groups will focus on personal, emotional and social/interpersonal development, problem-solving and in introducing new skill sets, which students can practice and apply outside of the school setting. InRead MoreDecriminalization of Marijuana Essay examples986 Words   |  4 PagesDecriminalization of Marijuana Think for a minute about alcohol. Its something we are well accustomed to in our every day lives. We associate it with celebrations, parties, relaxation, and many other things that involve leisure. What else do we associate alcohol with? How about drunk driving and the deaths that occur as well. The thought of alcoholism and the destruction of the body as well families might spring in to mind. Now think about marijuana. Pot is something

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

The airline industry and its deregulation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss aboutThe airline industry and its deregulation. Answer: Introduction The report helps in analyzing the different key forces that are having huge influence on the Virgin Airlines that is one of the companies of the entire Virgin Group of Companies. The Porters Five Forces analysis is required to be done for the Virgin Airlines in understanding the new entrants, buyers, substitutes and competitors in the market. The main aim and purpose of the report is to understand whether the decisions mentioned in the respective case study are non-programmed or programmed. The generic strategies have to be analyzed, as this will help in understanding the different issues that are appearing the company. The structure of the report includes proper SWOT, PESTLE, and Porters Five Forces analysis, as this will help in analyzing the issues in an effective manner. Analysis of the key forces in the general environment The macro environment is described with the help of PESTEL analysis that helps in analyzing the long-term influences. This is one of the best analytical tools in analyzing the external environment of Virgin Airlines for understanding decline or growth in the market ("VirginAmerica.com's New Look", 2018). It helps in understanding and identifying the different political, legal, economic, environmental, social and technological influences for the entire business environment. Political is one the factors that help in understanding the political influence on the entire Virgin airlines. In the year 2016, the Virgin Atlantic has operated in political environment that was challenging in nature (Suki, 2014). This was characterized by different kind of terrorist attacks in different destination key markets such as Brussels, Nice and Paris. The biggest shock politically was Brexit that occurred in the month of June in the year 2016wherein Britain voted to leave EU and there were huge uncertainty in the entire economy of United Kingdom (Daft Albers, 2015). There are different potential implications that included regulatory compliances wherein there were no future policy as well. Furthermore, the entire expansion of the Heathrow post Brexit will help in allowing carriers such as Virgin Atlantic as this will offer different direct flights in such a manner that included 40 new cities as well (Zou, Elke, Hansen Kafle, 2014). Economic is another environmental wherein the entire uncertainty following Brexit has economic impact on different British Airlines that included Virgin Atlantic. According to the different annual reports, as there was a drop in the Pound Sterling value, the revenues that is generated by Virgin Atlantic in the USA was negatively impacted as the largest expenses of the Virgin Airlines are in dollars and the revenues are in pounds. It has been seen that there was huge impact on the financial results of the company that was negative in nature amounting to 50million despite of different hedging profits (Ognyanova Ball-Rokeach, 2015). Social environment is another analysis wherein in the peak season of summer in 2016, it was difficult for Virgin Airlines to operate in an effective manner. There were number of union strikes of ATC that has hit France in the year 2016, as there was social unrest over series of different labor reforms that was disputed in nature (Misopoulos, Mitic, Kapoulas Karapiperis, 2014). This has caused different cancellation of flights of Virgin Atlantic Airlines to and over France. In the year 2017, a five-day strike has affected the different flights from UK and Virgin Atlantic along with other airlines had developed action plan in order to minimize the different strikes in ATC on the different passengers (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). Technological environment is another component wherein the entire airline industry is undergoing disruption digitally. The digital technologies are changing the entire structure of cost of the airline industry enabling new entrants that are WOW Air, in order to use the digital technology to disrupt the carriers of the legacy such as Virgin Atlantic (Dai, Liu Serfes, 2014). The Virgin Airlines has invested in the IT systems such as crew tablet devices, as this will help the managers to deliver personalized and seamless services to the passengers. The respective airlines will help in minimizing the disruptions digitally while taking proper advantage of the technology. Legal environment is another component, wherein in the month of December 2016, the pilots of Virgin Atlantic decided in order to take action industrially in row over recognition of union after the union of the pilots. The union of the professional pilots helped in representing over more than 75% of the virgins more than 900 pilots that demanded to be solely recognized kind of union for the pilots as well as for British Airline Pilots Association to be derecognized (Wiman, Walton, Shearer, Rondon Lee, 2015). Environmental is one component wherein Virgin Atlantic Airlines faced sustained operational kind of disruption in such a manner that caused due to the different weather disruptions. Due to the thunderstorms in the South East England, it has led to different cancelations for the entire airline industry that included Virgin Airlines as well (Mills, 2017). Five Forces analysis of Virgin Airlines Rivalry among the different competitors is one the five forces wherein it can be seen that Virgin Atlantic Airlines has different competitors who have entered in order to gain profit of the respective airlines. The entire airline industry does not gain profits on a regular basis, it has stopped different competitors to enter into the market and the competition is high in nature as well (Lee Leskey, 2015). The entry as well as exit barriers for the entire aviation industry is quite high in nature as this has been seen that there is huge amount of capital required for entering into the sector. There are relatively few competitors in the market for Virgin Atlantic Airlines and this has created and limited competition as well. The number of competitors in the entire airline industry is less and Virgin Atlantic Airlines has taken huge space in the entire airline industry (Han Hwang, 2017). Bargaining power of the Buyers is wherein the consumers or buyers hold huge power due to greater system of distribution (Heizer, 2016). There are different channels wherein the tickets are booked wherein the buying patterns or the power has influenced the Virgin Atlantic, as there are huge numbers of choices available in terms of different fares. The online system of booking has helped in providing different options to the customers for booking tickets. The product is important to the different customers, as this will help in analyzing the entire volume that is required to be analyzed in the airline company (Grant, 2016). Bargaining power of Suppliers is one of the components wherein the suppliers of the aircrafts are Boeing and Airbus. There are different suppliers including the ones who make spare parts and taking into consideration that the entire airline industry has no such carriers as it will dominate itself from terms of suppliers (Kaynak Kucukemiroglu, 2015). The power of the suppliers is becoming low in nature in terms of the cost of fuels that is a premium product where buyers are taken as favorable product for the entire company. The suppliers has to be kept in mind in such a manner that this will help in analyzing that suppliers is valuable in nature and this will help in analyzing the low concentration of the suppliers (Rezaei, Fahim Tavasszy, 2014). Threats from the entry of new entrants is another force wherein Virgin Airlines faces tougher external environment and this has made hard for the different entrants to take a place in the entire competitive market. Furthermore, yet once a particular company has entered into the business, it can rise to the peak or decline in the position of the entrants. Proper high requirements of capital is essential in nature as this helps in understanding the different threats from the competitors who are trying to gain such profit from the Virgin Atlantic Airlines. There are different customers who are loyal to different other brands and this can affect the Virgin Airlines to suffer and this will be affecting the entire loss to the respective airline company. Substitute of existing products is another component wherein there are no such threats for Virgin Atlantic Airlines. The main priority of the Virgin Atlantic is the customers who chose to travel by air (Snider Williams, 2015). As there is ongoing recession, there are different companies are utilizing these options such as telecommunication as well as virtual meetings as this will avoid travel and continue to work. The other substitute companies or airline companies are of low quality and standards and this will be strength for the Virgin Airlines as well. There is limited number of substitutes in the entire market, as this will help in gaining huge competitive advantage in the market (Williams, 2017). SWOT analysis of Virgin Airlines A proper SWOT analysis of the Virgin Airlines helped in analyzing the different strengths and weaknesses that is faced by the Virgin Airlines. The SWOT analysis helps in understanding the internal and external performance and situations. Strengths Virgin Atlantic Airlines enjoys brand reputation that is strong in nature and this was ranked sixth in the survey of the best airlines. Virgin Airlines has been rated as one of the top airlines in the entire airline industry The fleet has been modernized in nature The Virgin Airlines has been awarded as the best cabin crew from Airlineratings.com The new VHQ headquarters has been opened in the month of September Virgin Airlines has launched AIR4, Virgin Atlantics transformation technologically in the history of the company Weaknesses There has been heavy reliance on the personality of the celebrity of Richard Branson for the brand promotion of the respective airlines Heavy competition from the cash rich gulf airlines Disproportionate growth has skewed the flights of USA when it is compared to the other high growth regions such as China, Middle East and India Opportunities The government has approved third run away at Heathrow is the best opportunity for BA There has been continued low prices of the fuel in the year 2017 that will translate the low cost of the fuels Virgin Atlantic Airlines can increase their different routes and destinations internationally Threats Brexit from Europe created uncertainty in the environment of business and the financial markets Digital disruption continues to be major threat There has been adverse conditions of the weather The rise in the cost of the labor is affecting the margin for the Virgin Atlantic Airlines There has been huge change in the regulations of the airways and the increase in the cost of the fuels as well Continuation feud between the PPU and Balpa has been recognized as sole union of Virgin Airlines From the above SWOT analysis, it can be analyzed that there are different strengths of the Virgin Atlantic Airlines that include that it has strong foundation along with efficient services. The Virgin Atlantic Airlines has satisfied and proper base of the customers and this has become the preferred airlines for the affluent customers as well. The advertising technique that is used by Virgin Atlantic is innovative in nature and Richard Branson does the entire branding. Virgin Atlantic Airlines has carried more than 5 million passengers in a whole year and it has become the largest British Airlines with more than thirty-five destinations. Furthermore, there are different weaknesses of the Virgin Atlantic Airlines that included that there is severe amount of competition for the respective airlines in the market. The market share of Virgin Atlantic Airlines has been limited in nature and the growth is limited as well. The global presence has been limited in nature that can cause issues for Virgin Atlantic Airlines and this is specially taking place in the emerging countries. Furthermore, there are different opportunities for the Virgin Atlantic Airlines that included Heathrow terminal is major hub across the entire world and it has created huge presence. The respective airlines have leveraged their strong presence of brand as this helped in penetrating globally in the market. The Virgin Atlantic Airlines is increasing the international destinations and routes as well. Lastly, there are threats to the respective airlines named Virgin Atlantic Airlines that included that there is rise in the cost of the fuel along with changing regulations of the aviation industry as well. The huge amount of rise in the cost of the labor affects the entire margins for the Virgin Atlantic Airlines and there is huge competition in the entire European market as well. It has been seen that there are different competitors of Virgin Atlantic Airlines that included British Airways, Qatar Airways and Emirates. Analysis of the decisions: Programmed or Non-Programmed The decision that has been mentioned in the Virgin Group is programmed in nature, as there have been different situations in the respective airlines. The officials of the respective group have encountered such situations that include business of Virgin Rail wherein there has been competition and lost bid for the 15 years to the rival FirstGroup. The entire Virgin Group help in surviving all over again after such issues that has taken place and the decisions that are taken by the entire group has implemented different strategies presently that helped them in solving such crisis and issues in an effective manner. There has been different uncertainty in the business matters that is causing issues in the entire business. This has caused and implemented higher level of risk factors in the business of the Virgin group regarding specific decisions. The programmed decisions are related to the different daily activities that can be handled with the help of different business rules and procedures. Virgin Group is using such techniques in an effective manner, as this will help them in solving the different matters wherein too much discussion is not required as well. In the programmed decisions, the managers of the Virgin Group had made real decisions as this will specify different procedures to follow when the similar kind of situations occur in the organization. Example of dependency of decisions From the example of Virgin Rail, it can be analyzed that the dependency of the decisions is related to the different flaws that has occurred in the different decisions that has been taken by other companies in Virgin Group. With the help and dependency of different rules, regulations and procedures, it will be easier for Virgin Group to make appropriate changes relating to the decisions of their company. Analysis of the emergent view of strategy followed by Virgin Group In the last couple of years, the Virgin Group has focused on the geographical expansion strategy of the existing product portfolio. This helps the entire Virgin Group has taken its successful concept of the entire Virgin mobile phones in other countries. The emergent approach that is followed by Virgin and the strategies were partly successful in nature as well. The emergent view of the strategy that is followed by Virgin has to be analyzed in such a manner that this will help the entire Virgin Company in maintaining protecting the brand and this will help them in diversifying the entire business in an effective manner. The emergent view of the strategy that is followed by respective company is experimental in nature wherein the respective company is trying to adopt different changes that will help them in gaining competitive advantage in the entire market. The different generic strategies of the Porter is followed by Virgin Group as this will help in generating different strategies that will help them in expanding their other businesses. The strategies that are emergent in nature and used by Virgin Group of Companies are not successful completely but it is partially successful in nature that has to be taken care of the different issues faced by the other brands of Virgin. The Virgin Group will implement strategies relating to the different issues faced by the company presently as this will help the entire airline company in solving the issues in an effective manner. The effectiveness is essential in nature, as this will help in solving such issues within a specified deadline. Virgin Group requires understanding the different alliances that will help them in minimizing the risks in a positive manner, as this will help in solving the issues. Generic strategies followed by Virgin Group Virgin Group helps in understanding the requirements of the customers and this has been rendered as the niche airlines who are seeking value for money. The Virgin Group has managed in serving different kind of customers in an effective manner. The different generic strategies that can be followed are as follows: Cost leadership: is one of the generic strategies, as this will help in attracting the customers towards their different businesses such as Virgin Mobile Company along with Virgin Atlantic Airlines. The cost leadership strategy is helping the company in increasing their profit by reducing the cost Differentiation: Virgin Group of Companies provides the customers with customized along with different flexible services with their different companies. The different passengers feel delighted in nature when they are offered services that are of their choice and this helps in increasing the satisfaction levels of the customers. On the other hand, there are different ranges mobile phones that are sold by Virgin Mobile Phones that includes ability to deliver good products along with innovative strategies (Putz, Vorwagner Hoch, 2016). Focus is another generic strategy that is adopted by Virgin Group wherein the focus of the group is to enter the niche market along with understanding the market dynamics in an effective manner. The focus strategy does not work alone and therefore, it has to be teamed up with differentiation and cost leadership strategy. Virgin Group of Companies is using Porters Five Forces Generic Strategies in such a manner that it will be competitive in nature. One of the main strategies that are adopted by Virgin Group is to promote the brand all over the market with differentiation strategy. The differentiation strategy helped Virgin Group of Companies to be known as well equipped and convenient in nature for the customers. Issues faced by Virgin Group of Companies There are different other issues that have been faced by Virgin Group of Companies are as follows: There has been huge competitiveness that has been one major problems in Virgin Group of companies and the change in the GDP is reflected on the cost of the fuel in the airlines sector along with rise in the prices of the mobile phones and there has been no integration on the operations (Shaw, 2016) The fuel price has been one of the factors that is faced by the Virgin Atlantic Airlines and this is imposing the charges of fuel on the different customers as well (Berghfer Lucey, 2014) There has been different kind of government legislations that is one of the challenges faced by the Virgin Group of Companies, as there are different sub companies involved with it. There are different changes in the rules and regulations imposed by the government that can affect the respective company negatively The increase in the competition in the entire European market is affecting the entire Virgin Group of Companies and this is affecting the regulations as well There has been severe competition as there has been limited market share growth for Virgin Group of companies especially for the airlines (Baker Saren, 2016) The safety management is another issue that is faced by Virgin Group of Companies that is affecting the customer base of the Virgin Airlines along with Virgin Mobile Phones. There has been different safety issues in the Virgin Airlines that is affecting the customer base and this is affecting reputation of the airlines and there are change in the preferences of the customers in the mobile department (Hapsari, Clemes Dean, 2016) There is lack of operational efficiency in the management of the Virgin Group of companies wherein the customer service is getting affected in a negative manner. This is causing huge negative influence on the airline and mobile companies along with Virgin Rail (Bilotkach, Gaggero Piga, 2015) Therefore, it can be analyzed that Virgin Group of Companies has faced these challenges presently as these are affecting the reputation of the company. The Virgin Group of Companies need to understand the issues in an effective manner as this will help them in solving the issues and gain competitive advantage as well. References Baker, M. J., Saren, M. (Eds.). (2016).Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Berghfer, B., Lucey, B. (2014). Fuel hedging, operational hedging and risk exposureEvidence from the global airline industry.International Review of Financial Analysis,34, 124-139. Bilotkach, V., Gaggero, A. A., Piga, C. A. (2015). Airline pricing under different market conditions: Evidence from European Low-Cost Carriers.Tourism Management,47, 152-163. Daft, J., Albers, S. (2015). An empirical analysis of airline business model convergence.Journal of Air Transport Management,46, 3-11. Dai, M., Liu, Q., Serfes, K. (2014). Is the effect of competition on price dispersion nonmonotonic? evidence from the us airline industry.Review of Economics and Statistics,96(1), 161-170. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: what it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Han, H., Hwang, J. (2017). In-flight physical surroundings: Quality, satisfaction, and traveller loyalty in the emerging low-cost flight market.Current Issues in Tourism,20(13), 1336-1354. Hapsari, R., Clemes, M., Dean, D. (2016). The mediating role of perceived value on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction: Evidence from Indonesian airline passengers.Procedia Economics and Finance,35, 388-395. Heizer, J. (2016).Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Kaynak, E., Kucukemiroglu, O. (2015). Marketing Airlines Internationally: US Travellers Attitude Toward Domestic Versus Foreign Carriers. InProceedings of the 1993 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 176-180). Springer, Cham. Lee, D. H., Leskey, T. C. (2015). Flight behavior of foraging and overwintering brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).Bulletin of entomological research,105(5), 566-573. Mills, A. J. (2017). Man/Aging Subjectivity, Silencing Diversity: Organizational Imagery in the Airline Industry. The Case of British Airways?. InInsights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 367-392). Emerald Publishing Limited. Misopoulos, F., Mitic, M., Kapoulas, A., Karapiperis, C. (2014). Uncovering customer service experiences with Twitter: the case of airline industry.Management Decision,52(4), 705-723. Ognyanova, K., Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (2015). Political efficacy on the internet: A media system dependency approach. InCommunication and Information Technologies Annual(pp. 3-27). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Putz, J., Vorwagner, E. M., Hoch, G. (2016). Flight performance of Monochamus sartor and Monochamus sutor, potential vectors of the pine wood nematode.Forestry Journal,62(4), 195-201. Rezaei, J., Fahim, P. B., Tavasszy, L. (2014). Supplier selection in the airline retail industry using a funnel methodology: Conjunctive screening method and fuzzy AHP.Expert Systems with Applications,41(18), 8165-8179. Shaw, S. (2016). Airline marketing and management. Routledge. Snider, C., Williams, J. W. (2015). Barriers to entry in the airline industry: A multidimensional regression-discontinuity analysis of AIR-21.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(5), 1002-1022. Suki, N. M. (2014). Passenger satisfaction with airline service quality in Malaysia: A structural equation modeling approach.Research in transportation business management,10, 26-32. VirginAmerica.com's New Look. (2018). Virginamerica.com. Retrieved 12 January 2018, from https://www.virginamerica.com/ Williams, G. (2017).The airline industry and the impact of deregulation. Routledge. Wiman, N. G., Walton, V. M., Shearer, P. W., Rondon, S. I., Lee, J. C. (2015). Factors affecting flight capacity of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).Journal of pest science,88(1), 37-47. Zou, B., Elke, M., Hansen, M., Kafle, N. (2014). Evaluating air carrier fuel efficiency in the US airline industry.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,59, 306-330.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Consumer Behaviour In New Zealand Wine Market

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behaviour In New Zealand Wine Market. Answer: Introduction Background of the Research Brand image is a very necessary quotient for every business organization. It is the process by which the organizations are able to enhance their strengths and potentiality to grab a huge number of customers in the market (Peyrache Bouchenoire, 2010). It is already known to all that the customers are the key stakeholders of every organization. The success and sustenance of the companies depend widely on the buying behaviour of the consumers. People now are more conscious about their status that they only prefer buying branded products that can satisfy their needs. Brand image has a direct impact on the buying behaviour of the consumers and this particular research report will strongly entail the effectiveness of the brand image of the wine market of New Zealand on the consumers. Branding plays a vital role in expanding the efficacy of the business. Identification of the Topic and Research Questions Branding has become the most significant factor in the present world. It is timeless and is the combination of various attributes thereby helping the people to identify a specific product and the company to which it belongs. Through effective branding strategies, the wine market of the country facilitates the consumer decision making process regarding the purchase of the wines. Wine makers of New Zealand are quite ambitious and aim at producing a wide variety of wines of delicious tastes for satisfying the consumers (VEDPATHAK, 2013). New Zealand produces unique wines that have attained immense recognition all over the world. The industry has gained an international reputation as they have involved their efforts and skills in producing tasty wines for the consumers as per their preferences. In this particular research report, the researchers will evaluate how the wine market of New Zealand has been able to attract a huge number of customers thereby influencing their buying behaviour. Certain relevant questions can be highlighted in this respect which will be assessed by the researchers by the end of the study. What are the techniques adopted by the New Zealand wine market to enhance their brand identity? How does the brand image impact on the consumers buying behaviour? How does brand image develop the trust and loyalty of the consumers? How far the New Zealand wine market influences the consumer buying decision and retains them through their brand identities? Significance of theResearch The decisions of the consumers regarding the purchase of the products depend widely on the brand image of the companies. From the previous researches, it has been assessed how the brand image of the wine companies in New Zealand, for instance, Beach House Wines, Bald Hills Vineyard, Greystone Wines, etc., have used several marketing techniques or promotional strategies for the upliftment of their brand standards effectively in both the domestic as well as the international market (Joseph, 2010). Researchers have thoroughly focused on the studies in which the buying behaviour of the consumers has been widely shed light upon. The people particularly rely on the branded products and buy things with the well known brands. Hence, it can be said that the sustainability of the wine industry of New Zealand is definitely based on the interests of the consumers developed by the respective brands of the wine companies. The growing demand for the wines in New Zealand wine market tended the resea rchers to gather enough information and explore the usefulness of the brand image of those companies in the market. Literature Review Introduction A literature review is mainly based on the various information and evidences collected by the past researchers on a particular topic through which a broad understanding and key ideas relating to that particular topic can be evaluated. An in-depth analysis on the effectiveness of the brand image on the consumer buying behaviour of the wine market in New Zealand will be depicted by the researchers in this concerned report. This chapter basically will incorporate numerous findings and analysis of the consumer buying decisions that are influenced by the brand image of the companies in the country. As per the words of Uhlmann (2005), the companies can attain sustainable advantage through proper branding strategies that will make them extensively competitive. This research study has been specifically made to perceive or find out how the brand image can influence the consumer behaviour of the people regarding wines of New Zealand. Concept of Branding Branding is considered to be the most effective marketing tool of the companies that drives the consumers purchasing decisions and their buying behaviours regarding a particular product or service. Brand image creates a positive impact on the minds of the consumers. It is the stamp or identity of the companies on which the people remain dependent. According to Vincent (2012), the consumers very well realise the importance of branding and thus the purchasing products on the basis of such factor. In the wine market of New Zealand, the brands of the wines are being promoted widely so as to grab the attention of many customers. With the development of an excellent brand identity, the companies are able to seek advantage and attain effectiveness successfully. Moreover the wineries of the country can also establish a firm position in the overall New Zealand wine market. Brands can be of very much significance and can create a distinctive image among the people (Solomon, 2003). As per the opinions of Johnson Gustafsson, (2000), customers nowadays are extensively exposed to the products of numerous wine brands in the market. They have the right and freedom to choose any product they want to consume depending on the brand identities. Hence, to achieve success and recognition in the same industry, the companies need to focus on brand publicity and create awareness among the public regarding the qualities and varieties of the products. The wine marketers regard brand as the promise or an oath made to the consumers that the wines that they will buy will be of the best quality and will be the same in the future. This enhances the sales of the companies to a great extent thereby increasing the efficacy of the companies. Adoption of proper branding strategies have made the wine market of the country much efficient and attracted more consumers quite easily (Marketing Greatest Hits, 2010). Lastly it can be depicted that branding provides a positive imprint on the mi nds of the people and thus the consumer buying behaviour is influenced. Importance of Brand in the Organizations Brand is of utmost significance in the organizations. Brand is an important aspect for every organization as it helps to create a long lasting impact in the minds of the consumers (Solomon, 2003). Based on the perspectives and likings of the customers, the wine companies of New Zealand have aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of their products through proper brand identities. Customers are not at all easy to convince. As the conditions and trends of the wine market are constantly changing, the tastes and perceptions of the consumers also are simultaneously changing. Thus, in the words of Meer de Walcheren, (2004), only with the help of the products it is not possible to attract the customers in the market. But when the companies present before the people a combination of the products, their qualities and effective brand image under one roof, the consumers are likely to get attracted towards them. The companies must popularise their products by developing a proper brand image (Wendel l, 2011). It gives recognition to the products and the quality of services that the companies promise to cater to the people. Branding goes much beyond the graphic element or just the companys logo. As it is known that brand is what the customers perceive, hence, it needs to be innovative and creative with the detailed inscription of the qualities and price of the products that they deliver. This in turn will make the consumers attracted and thereby enhance the sale values of the companies, helping them to yield beneficial fruits in the market. Branding Strategies In order to establish a successful brand identity in the market, it is of utmost necessity that the companies need to focus on what all effective and fruitful strategies can be adopted by them so that they can create awareness among the public. Promotion is very much important for the organizations as proper promotion can make them attain a successful position in the market (Uhlmann, 2005). MacRury (2009) stated that advertising is an effective tool that is used by the companies for developing a brand image in front of the consumers. In order to divert the consumers attitudes towards the products, the marketers need to properly advertise and promote their products widely. Advertising can be done by the companies in various ways for instance, through radios, televisions, campaigns, distributing leaflets, banners, hoardings, etc. Moreover, it has been opined by Harden Heyman, (2009) that with the advancement of technology and predominance of social media channels, promotion of the bra nds has become quite easier (Brennan Croft, 2012). Through the help of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Google, Instagram, etc. the companies can be able to spread awareness to the public regarding their product brands. Advertisements tend to convince the buying decisions of the people to a great considerable extent (Shimp, 2003). By taking the celebrities as brand ambassadors, the companies aim at creating a positive influence on the people. Advertisements help to build up a strong relationship with the purchasing behaviour of the consumers. It becomes easier for the companies to maintain consistency and keep on attracting customers at a constant pace. As per the opinion of Solomon, (2004), the companies need to make sure that their branding techniques can permeate the entire organizations which will not be possible if they do not incorporate the effective mediums through which they can advertise their products. Hence advertising can be considered as the most effective and beneficial tool for promotion and enhance the brand of the compan ies by influencing the consumer buying behaviour. Impact of Brand Loyalty on Consumer Behaviour As opined by Vedpathak (2010) the buying behaviour of the consumers is considered as a rational asset for every company, as they know the importance of engaging customers in the market. The consumers get associated with those companies who promise them to provide quality products and effective services that will clearly satisfy their needs to a great extent. According to Huffman (2003), the prime purpose of marketing and creating brand awareness among the people is to ensure that the consumers get associated with the products and build up trust upon them on lifelong basis. The creation of brand loyalty is of immense significance. Without such it is quite impossible for the companies to attract customers (Wendell, 2011). There are different kinds of consumers possessing various tastes and preferences that impact on their buying behaviour and purchase decision broadly. Studying about the consumer behaviour involves numerous facts and information that deal with their choices of buying products. As the companies offer the people with the best quality products in the market, they attain brand loyalty and the consumers somewhat start trusting that particular brand. The perceptions of the consumers based on the quality of brands created by the informational cues are firmly associated with the brand (Solomon, 2004). They tend to believe what are being shown to them by the companies. As far as this case is concerned, the wine companies of New Zealand such as Goldie Estate, Glovers Vineyard, etc. have successfully promoted their brands before the consumers and thus they allowed the consumers to make a positive buying decision. Brand image also establishes an emotional attachment with the consumers (Vincent, 2012). Their attitudes and behaviours change with the branding styles of the companies. In the modern world, the consumers are mostly concerned with their status and standard of living and they tend to realise that only the consumption of the branded products can uplift their standards to a high level. They also believe that the branded products will be expensive as they are of superior quality (Marketing Greatest Hits, 2010). Income has got nothing to do with the brand loyalty and purchasing behaviour of the consumers. Sometimes it is seen that the consumers prefer to stick around with one brand rather than switching over to another. These attitudes show that the intensity of trust and loyalty they have on the companies. Trust is the core factor for establishing the long-term relationship between the companies and the customers associated with the wine companies of New Zealand. By virtue of Miller Washington, (2007)The buying behaviour of the consumers is not only based on the purchasing decisions, but also it showcases the understanding level of the companies regardi ng the choices and preferences of the consumers. Thus according to Johnson (2000), with a motive of revealing the influence of brand image on the consumers buying behaviour, it is the first and foremost duty of the companies to build up a strong connection and smooth relationship with them. In this current competitive business world, every company wants to thrive in the market by the increased sale values and competitive advantage. Through the help of brand promotion, they attempt to motivate and convince the consumers to get associated with their products and promise them best buying options. The people positively react to those products and brands that they think will provide benefits more than their expectations. As per the statement of Joseph (2010), they share their knowledge and experience with one another regarding a specific product thereby enabling them to develop a distinctive perception of the brand impacting their buying decisions. Hence, it can be said that the consumer buying behaviour has an effective relationship wi th the brand loyalty and the social status (Vedpathak, 2010). Research Methods Introduction Research methodology is referred to as the most important and significant chapter of a particular research study that focuses widely upon the various relevant facts and information that are being collected by the researchers in order to formulate an effective research outcome (Kumar, 2005). It is a systematic process of unfolding the various unexplored and unidentified evidences that will help the researchers to evaluate and assess the true significance of a particular research topic. In this particular research analysis, the researchers will follow a significant pathway that will foster and explore a broad concept of how brand image of the wine companies in New Zealand can influence the buying behaviour of the consumers in the market. It has been analysed by the past researchers that brand image is of utmost necessity if the companies want to flourish and prosper in the market by gaining quite a huge number of consumers (Coomber, 2002). Thus, the researchers in this study will hereb y find out how the wine companies of the country have extensively enhanced and improved their brand image for grabbing the attention of several customers and influence their buying decisions effectively. Research Paradigm Research paradigm is an approach adopted by the researchers for knowing the unknown dimensions of the research. Through the implication of proper research paradigm, the researchers will be able to identify the relevant information about the topic of the research and with that they can carry out the entire research proceedings with an aim to come out with expected outcomes (Kumar, 2005). For this particular research process, the researchers will aim at adopting the positivism and post-positivism research paradigms through which they can evaluate the positive evidences regarding the effectiveness of branding on the consumer behaviour of the wine market in New Zealand. Also they can portray a post-positive impact on the topic, inundating the positive vivacity of the significant effects of branding strategies on the buying decision of the consumers in the concerned market. Moreover, the incorporation of the effective research paradigms will help the researchers to simplify and describe t he various changes that have been brought in the branding techniques of the wine companies of New Zealand so as to approach new consumers in the wine market of the country. Research Method The entire research will be formulated by the researchers in order to imbibe a clear cut concept of the branding strategies undertaken by the wine companies for attracting the customer on a wide scale basis. In order to cultivate the importance of brand image in influencing the customer buying behaviour in the wine market of New Zealand, the researchers will choose the descriptive research design to broadly describe the key branding strategies adopted by the companies facilitate the consumer buying decisions. Deductive approach must be used so that the researchers can witness the importance of the brand image on catching the eyesight of most of the consumers (Peyrache Bouchenoire, 2010). A proper questionnaire will be formulated and the research participants will be chosen as per convenience to collect maximum information from them regarding the research topic. Convenient sampling technique will be chosen in this case where the researchers will approach the management, marketing exe cutive and staffs and also sales executive and staffs of the top 10 wine companies of New Zealand to get information from them. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures will be used by the research executors for extracting both primary and secondary data, in order to have effective conclusion for the research study (Newman Benz, 2008). If these processes are not followed by the researchers, then it will not be possible for them to derive expected positive outcomes from the research (Jha, 2008). Incorrect and inappropriate information derived can lead them to yield misleading outcomes that will hamper the efficacy of the research process. Thus, it needs to be ensured all the information collected are viable and reliable enough to have valid feedbacks from the respondents. Sampling In this particular research study, convenient sampling technique will be chosen through which the management, sales executives and staffs, marketing staffs and executives will be selected as respondents of top 10 wine companies of New Zealand. This will help the researchers to reach out the respondents easily and obtain much prcised yet relevant information about the impact of brand image on the consumer behaviour of the wine market of the country. Interviews and seminars will be held where they can approach the participants. A total of 100 respondents will be chosen who will divided into 5 small groups of 10 participants each for having exact data regarding their perceptions to the particular research topic (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2006). Both open ended and close ended questions will be presented before the respondents so that their exact perceptions and opinions of what they think about the effectiveness of the brand image of the breweries on encouraging the consumers to purchase pr oducts of their preferences, can be judged. Not only that the researchers will even refer to various academic books, journals, websites, etc. which will evaluate the insights and perspectives of the respondents regarding the topic of research. Numeric data will also be collected which will underpin the authentic information about the research topic. Analysis of Data The entire data and information collected by the researchers will be analysed and represented in the form of graphs, charts, trend lines, etc. so as to draw attention regarding the strong impact that the brand image of the wine companies of New Zealand has on the minds of the consumers and how it changes the attitudes and behaviour towards buying the products (VEDPATHAK, 2013). Statistical analysis will hereby help the researchers to find out authentic information regarding the extent to which the wine market of New Zealand has attained immense recognition and fame by applying effective branding strategies and spreading awareness among the public about the available quality products, thereby influencing on their buying behaviour. Potential Outcome The research is fairly straight forward and the questions are clearly stated. From the evidence in the relevant literature it is sure that there can be one potential outcome of this research. The people of the local and international market give high value to the brand image of the product they are buying. In case of wine, the brands that are manufactured in the breweries of New Zealand is regarded by the population with high value and the identification of the wine as valuable is decided through the brand of the wine. The brand is not actually only a label but a summary of identifying factors of the specific company and its specific product and a reassurance to the customers about the characteristics of the wine that they are buying (Uhlmann, 2005). So, it is almost sure that the identification of the different brands and the buying decision of the customers depend upon the brand value that is placed upon the different brands of wines and act as the marker for quality of the product . It is clear that the customers depend on the brand of the product to influence their purchasing decisions. The different brands of the New Zealand made wines are no different in this regard than any other product. So, the outcome of the study is going to be indicative of the fact that the different brands of wines in the market that are made in New Zealand have definite dependence on their own brand image to boost sales of the product and retain the customer base (Vincent, 2012). These perceptions of the brand that is created in the mind of the customer definitely create trust and brand loyalty in the customer and the branding is not an optional function in the wine market, it is necessary for the customers to make buying decisions. Steps of the research process Time (weeks) Analysis of the research topic 1 Secondary Data collection 2-3 Literature review 4-5 Surveys and market study 6-7 methodology 8 Data analysis 9-10 Conclusion and recommendations 11 Identification of key assumptions Key Assumptions The key assumption of the study is the belief that the customers of wine in the national and international market depend upon the brand image of the New Zealand made wine to influence their buying decision (Joseph, 2010). Their choice of the product they buy does not depend on the actual taste or quality of the wine but the representation of the brand image. In other words, the projected image of the wine and its quality carry more weight in the customers buying decision than the other qualities of the wine. Limitation of Study The limitation of the study is dependent upon the customers choice of brand as the identification of the particular manufacturer of wine is not dependent on only one factor. The projected image of the wine by the company might not be only one of the reasons influencing the customers to buy that particular brand of wine. There is also the reason of recommendation of a friend or family or the previous experience of tasting the particular wine of the same brand which can act in conjunction with the brand image to influence the buying decisions. The effect of the brand image and their influence on the customers buying decisions in most of the cases cannot be separated (Consumer decision making buying, 2004). This is one of the major limitations of the study as the buying decision can be influenced by several factors and the different factors and their effects cannot be separately judged. This is the main limitation of the study. Potential Threats The futility of trying to find out the reason the customer was influenced to buy any particular brand of wine is one of the most probable threat to the study. If the buying decision is not only influenced by the brand image of the wine manufacturer and also their experience and other promotional elements of the company then the effect of the companys brand image cannot be discerned by the researcher. There is also the case of previous experience of the customer which might generate loyalty of the customer (Joseph, 2010). So, the results of the study can be rendered useless if that is the case. The only way to mitigate this effect is to take the buying decisions of the first time customers into consideration. This will make sure that the customer opinion is not influenced by any other factor and only the brand image will be considered in the buying decision of the customer. Ethical Considerations The ethical considerations of the study are many and each of them is of different importance. The first ethical consideration of the customers is based on the different effect of the study on the customer. The customers that are being considered for the survey must be informed about the survey and their opinion should be considered valid only if they agree to participate in the study (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2006). No one respondent should be forced against their will to participate in the survey and the process needs to be voluntary. The letter of consent needs to be collected from the participants before they participate in the study. There is also going to be secondary data collected in the study and the sources of the data need to be verified by the researcher to make sure that the data collected is going to be relevant and from reliable sources. The Data Protection Act and the compliance with the Data Protection Act of the information collected needs to be verified by the research er so that the data collection does not violate and law. These ethical considerations need to be kept in mind while the data is being collected. Conclusion It is evident from the study that the brand image of the wine brands of the new Zealand are important for the companies, as they often influence first time customers to try the brand. And this choice is almost always based on the brand image of the wine or the projected image of the product that entices the new customers to try the product. There is also the consideration of the fact that the buying decision of the customers and potential customers might be influenced by other factors and they have to somehow be separated from the main reason behind the choices made by the customers (Hamlin Chimhundu, 2007). The research questions will be addressed in the research in the following way. The methods of making a viable brand image will be observed from the marketing operations of the different brands of the New Zealand wine market. The consumer buying behaviour in terms of the brand image and identity will be observed by doing market study and survey among the customers. 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